Diseño eléctrico para la eficiencia: medidas técnicas y operacionales para la optimización del uso de la potencia eléctrica en buques
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https://doi.org/10.25043/19098642.240Palabras clave:
eficiencia energética, diseño eléctrico en buques, optimización consumo energético, transporte marítimoResumen
En la actualidad existe una creciente preocupación en el sector del transporte marítimo por el consumo de energía y el impacto ambiental. Según las directrices de eficiencia energética de la Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI), los buques actuales deben disponer de un plan de gestión de eficiencia energética que permita disminuir la emisión de CO2 y otras sustancias contaminantes. En este artículo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de metodologías para la optimización del consumo energético en buques, partiendo de la identificación de fuentes de pérdidas energéticas y la implementación de medidas técnicas y operativas que contribuyan a su mejora, realizando una evaluación cualitativa de las metodologías identificadas. Se analizan las fuentes de pérdidas de energía asociadas a los equipos y sistemas auxiliares, así como las oportunidades de mejora en el uso de la energía eléctrica mediante la implementación de sistemas inteligentes de gestión de la energía, motores de alta eficiencia e iluminación led. Las medidas técnicas y operativas de eficiencia energética descritas demuestran la importancia de su implementación desde las primeras fases del diseño eléctrico del buque, así como el monitoreo del consumo energético durante su ciclo de vida, con el fin de mejorar la eficiencia energética a bordo.
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