Diseño de una hélice marina para embarcaciones de carrera a escala en concurso de velocidad y eficiencia energética
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25043/19098642.213Palabras clave:
hélice, propulsión naval, eficiencia energética, diseño hidrodinámicoResumen
En esta investigación se aborda el proceso de diseño óptimo, evaluación y fabricación de hélices de alta eficiencia energética para barcos de competición a escala. Este proyecto utiliza como ejemplo las etapas de diseño hidrodinámico, ensayos numéricos y la manufactura de cuatro prototipos. Durante el diseño hidrodinámico, se comparan tres metodologías de diseño, a saber: Teoría de los elementos de palas, teoría de línea de sustentación y diseño basado en la serie de hélices DTMB. La función objetivo del diseño optimizado se basa en la obtención de la distribución radial de cuerda y paso que genere el mayor empuje, velocidad y eficiencia. Del mismo modo, se evalúa el rendimiento de cada prototipo mediante CFD en un canal virtual registrando empuje, momento y velocidad. Finalmente, se presenta el proceso de fabricación aditiva aplicado. Las hélices prototipadas presentan eficiencias y velocidades máximas aproximadamente un 15% superiores a las hélices comerciales recomendadas para este tipo de embarcaciones. Este estudio fue desarrollado por el grupo Hydrometra en el marco del concurso internacional Hydrocontest 2017.
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